Circuit interrupting device for providing ground fault and open neutral protection in temporary power applications

ABSTRACT

A temporary power delivery system includes a power source, a booth stringer, and a portable GFCI device. The GFCI device is receives current from the power source by a first terminal and delivers current to the booth stringer by a second terminal. An electronic processor of the GFCI device compares a combined magnitude of current flowing through first and second phase conductors of the GFCI device to a magnitude of current flowing through a neutral conductor of the GFCI. The electronic processor also compares a first voltage between the first phase conductor and neutral conductor to a second voltage between the second phase conductor and neutral conductor. A circuit breaker of the GFCI device is opened if a difference between the combined magnitude of phase conductor current and neutral conductor current exceeds a first threshold or a difference between the first voltage and second voltage exceeds a second threshold.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/936,053, filed Nov. 15, 2019, U.S. Non-Provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 17/097,773, filed Nov. 13, 2020, and U.S.Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 17/563,765, filed Dec. 28,2021, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIELD

Embodiments relate to circuit interrupting devices, such as a groundfault circuit interrupter (GFCI), used in temporary power deliveryapplications.

SUMMARY

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires thattemporary wiring installations used in settings where moisture may bepresent, such as construction sites or outdoor trade shows, includecircuit interrupters for protecting personnel from electric shock. Inparticular, all 15 A, 20 A, and 30 A receptacle outlets, includingextension cords and booth stringers, that are not part of the permanentwiring of a building or a structure, but are in use by personnel, shallinclude GFCI protection for personnel.

A GFCI is a fast-acting device that restricts the flow of electricalcurrent to a load in response to detecting current leakage to ground(“ground fault”). For example, a GFCI senses a ground fault by detectingan imbalance in electrical current between the hot and neutralconductors that supply electric power to a load. In other words, theGFCI operates by comparing the amount of current going to and returningfrom the load along circuit conductors. When the amount of current goingto the load differs from the amount of current returning from the loadby a predesignated amount, e.g., at least 6 mA, the GFCI interrupts thecurrent flow.

OSHA further requires that GFCIs provide open neutral protection oftemporary wiring installations. An open neutral condition occurs whenthere is a break or other failure in the neutral conductor, which mayresult in a portion of the neutral conductor remaining energized eventhough the load is no longer operating. Accordingly, the damaged neutralconductor (or portion of it) remains energized without the presence of areturn path for the current, and, thus, the open neutral condition mayresult in a ground fault or otherwise provide a dangerous situation.However, since the GFCI device may be powered by the failed neutralconductor, the GFCI may be unable to operate unless specificallydesigned to trip upon the occurrence of an open neutral condition.

One aspect of the disclosure provides a temporary power delivery systemincluding a power source, a booth string having at least one outlet box,and a portable ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) device. Theportable GFCI device includes a first terminal configured to receivecurrent from the power source, a second terminal configured to delivercurrent to the booth stringer, a first phase conductor, a second phaseconductor, a neutral conductor, and a circuit breaker. The portable GFCIdevice further includes an electronic processor configured to compare acombined magnitude of current flowing through the first and second phaseconductors to a magnitude of current flowing through the neutralconductor and compare a first voltage between the first phase conductorand the neutral conductor to a second voltage between the second phaseconductor and the neutral conductor. The electronic processor is furtherconfigured to open the circuit breaker to interrupt current flow fromthe power source to the booth stringer if a difference between thecombined magnitude of current flowing through the first and second phaseconductors and the magnitude of current flowing through the neutralconductor exceeds a first threshold or if a difference between the firstvoltage and the second voltage exceeds a second threshold.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides a method of operating atemporary power delivery system. The method includes receiving, by afirst terminal of a portable ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)device, current from a power source, delivering, by a second terminal ofthe portable GFCI device, current to a booth stringer, and supplying, byan outlet box of the booth stringer, power to a load. The method furtherincludes comparing, by an electronic processor of the portable GFCIdevice, a combined magnitude of current flowing through first and secondphase conductors of the portable GFCI device to a magnitude of currentflowing through a neutral conductor of the portable GFCI device andcomparing, by the electronic processor, a first voltage between thefirst phase conductor and the neutral conductor to a second voltagebetween the second phase conductor and the neutral conductor.Furthermore, the method includes interrupting current flow from thepower source to the booth stringer, by a circuit breaker of the portableGFCI device, when a difference between the combined magnitude of currentflowing through the phase conductors and the magnitude of currentflowing through the neutral conductor exceeds a first threshold andinterrupting current flow from the power source to the booth stringer,by the circuit breaker, when a difference between the first voltage andthe second voltage exceeds a second threshold.

Other aspects of the application will become apparent by considerationof the detailed description and accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a temporary power delivery system according to someembodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the GFCI device of FIG. 1according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 of operating thetemporary power delivery system of FIG. 1 according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before any embodiments are explained in detail, it is to be understoodthat the embodiments are not limited in its application to the detailsof the configuration and arrangement of components set forth in thefollowing description or illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Theembodiments are capable of being practiced or of being carried out invarious ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology andterminology used herein are for the purpose of description and shouldnot be regarded as limiting. The use of “including,” “comprising,” or“having” and variations thereof are meant to encompass the items listedthereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. Unlessspecified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,”“supported,” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly andencompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, andcouplings.

In addition, it should be understood that embodiments may includehardware, software, and electronic components or modules that, forpurposes of discussion, may be illustrated and described as if themajority of the components were implemented solely in hardware. However,one of ordinary skill in the art, and based on a reading of thisdetailed description, would recognize that, in at least one embodiment,the electronic-based aspects may be implemented in software (e.g.,stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium) executable by one ormore electronic processors, such as a microprocessor and/or applicationspecific integrated circuits (“ASICs”). As such, it should be noted thata plurality of hardware and software based devices, as well as aplurality of different structural components, may be utilized toimplement the embodiments. For example, “servers,” “computing devices,”“controllers,” “processors,” etc., described in the specification caninclude one or more electronic processors, one or more computer-readablemedium modules, one or more input/output interfaces, and variousconnections (e.g., a system bus) connecting the components.

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a temporary power delivery system100 according to some embodiments. The temporary power delivery system100 includes a power source 105 that is configured to supply current toa booth stringer 110 via a portable GFCI device 115. In someembodiments, the power source 105 is a 3-phase 120/208V AC power supply.In other embodiments, the power source 105 may be, but not limited to, a3-phase 250V AC supply, a 3-phase, 480V AC supply, a 3-phase, 600V ACsupply, or a 3-phase 347/600V AC supply, a 1-phase, 125V AC supply, or a1-phase, 250V AC supply. In some embodiments, the power source 105receives power directly from distribution lines. In other embodiments,the power source 105 is a generator.

The booth stringer 110 is configured to supply power to one or moreloads, such as electrical equipment on display at a trade show, via oneor more outlet boxes 116. FIG. 1 illustrates a 3-phase, 30 A boothstringer 110 that includes six outlet boxes 116. Each outlet box 116includes two power outlets 117. Alternatively, the booth stringer 110may include more or less than six outlet boxes 116 (for example, two,three, four, etc.). In some embodiments, the booth stringer 110 is ratedto carry 20 A of current. In other embodiments, the booth stringer 110is a 1-phase booth stringer rated to carry up to 20 A or 30 A ofcurrent. The booth stringer 110 also includes a plug 118, which isconfigured to be removably connected to the portable GFCI device 115.

FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the portable GFCI device 115according to some embodiments of the application. The portable GFCIdevice 115 includes a housing 120. The housing 120 includes a first endwall 122, a second end wall 124, and a side wall 126 that extends fromthe first end wall 122 to the second end wall 124. A front face 128 ofthe side wall 126 provides a power indicator light 130 and a faultindicator light 132. The power indicator light 130 is illuminated whenthe portable GFCI device 115 permits current to flow from the powersource 105 to the booth stringer 110. The fault indicator light 132 isilluminated when the portable GFCI device 115 inhibits, or interrupts,current flow from the power source 105 to the booth stringer 110.Current flow from the power source 105 to the booth stringer 110 may beinterrupted, for example, in response to a ground fault. The front face128 of the portable GFCI device 115 also includes a reset button 134 anda test button 136.

The portable GFCI device housing 120 supports first and second terminals140 and 142 respectively. The first terminal 140 includes a plug 144(FIG. 1 ) configured to connect to and receive current from the powersource 105. The second terminal 142 is configured to connect to anddeliver power to the booth stringer 110. In some embodiments, the secondterminal 142 includes a female connector 146 configured to receive plug118 of the booth stringer 110. In other embodiments (not shown), thesecond terminal 142 includes a pigtail connector configured to be wireddirectly to conductors within booth stringer 110. In the above describedembodiments, the booth stringer 110 and the portable GFCI device 115 areseparate components that are operable to be detachably connected to oneanother. However, in some embodiments, the booth stringer 110 andportable GFCI device 115 are integrally formed as one component.

In some embodiments, the portable GFCI device 115 is a 3-phase, 120/208VAC device. In such embodiments, the portable GFCI device 115 may be ofthe 4-pole, 5-wire connection type. The first and second terminals 140and 142 are electrically connected via five conductors (three separatephase conductors, a neutral conductor, and a ground conductor)configured to carry 3-phase AC current. In some embodiments, theconductors may be constructed from #10 AWG cable rated to carry 30 A ofcurrent. In some embodiments, the conductors may be of the #12 AWG typerated to carry 20 A of current. In some embodiments, the portable GFCIdevice 115 may be one of, but not limited to, a 3-phase, 250V AC device,a 3-phase, 480V AC device, a 3-phase, 600V AC device, or a 3-phase347/600V AC device. In some embodiments, the portable GFCI device 115 isimplemented as a 1-phase device rated to one of, but not limited to,125V AC, 250V AC, or 125/250V AC.

In some embodiments, the portable GFCI device 115 is National ElectricalManufacturer Association (NEMA) 4× rated. Accordingly, in suchembodiments, the housing 120, first and second terminals 140 and 142,plug 144, and connector 146 of the portable GFCI device 115 are weathertight and provide protection against damage from, for example, dirt,rain, sleet, snow, windblown dust, splashing water, hose-directed water,and external ice formation. In addition, the components of portable GFCIdevice 115 are corrosion resistant and rated to operate within thetemperature range of −35 degrees C. to 66 degrees C.

The portable GFCI device 115 further includes a protection circuitprovided within the housing 120. The protection circuit includes anelectronic processing device, such as an integrated circuit (IC) device,that is configured to detect whether a fault is present within thetemporary power delivery system 100. For example, in some embodiments,the IC device may be implemented as a well-known 4141 device, such as anRV4141 device made by Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation. In someembodiments, other processing devices are used in place of the RV4141device. In response to detecting the presence of a fault, the electronicprocessing device opens a circuit breaker included in the protectioncircuit to interrupt current flow from the power source 105 to the boothstringer 110.

In particular, the protection circuit is configured to detect theoccurrence of a ground fault within the temporary power delivery system100. The electronic processing device of the protection circuit isconfigured to determine whether a difference between the combinedmagnitude of current flowing through phase conductors of portable GFCIdevice 115 and a magnitude of current flowing through the neutralconductor of portable GFCI device 115 exceeds a ground fault threshold.The ground fault threshold may be, for example, 6 mA or greater. If theelectronic processing device determines a difference between thecombined phase conductor current and neutral conductor current exceeds aground fault threshold, the electronic processing device interruptscurrent flow from the power source 105 to the booth stringer 110 byopening the circuit breaker included in the protection circuit.

For example, if the portable GFCI device 115 includes two phaseconductors and a neutral conductor, the electronic processing device maybe configured to determine whether the combined magnitude of currentflowing through the first and second phase conductors differs from themagnitude of current flowing through the neutral conductor by an amountthat is greater than the ground fault threshold. When the differencebetween the combined magnitude of current flowing through the first andsecond phase conductors and the magnitude of current flowing through theneutral conductor exceeds the ground fault threshold (e.g., 6 mA), theelectronic processing device interrupts current flow from the powersource 105 to the booth stringer 110 by opening the circuit breaker

In addition, the protection circuit is configured to detect theoccurrence of an open neutral condition within the temporary powerdelivery system 100. The protection circuit may be configured to detectthe presence of an open neutral condition using one of a variety ofknown methods. For example, according to one embodiment, the electronicprocessing device of the protection circuit is configured to detect afirst voltage equal to the voltage between a first phase conductor ofthe portable GFCI device 115 and the neutral conductor of the portableGFCI device 115. In addition, the electronic processing device accordingto this exemplary embodiment is configured to detect a second voltageequal to the voltage between a second phase conductor of the portableGFCI device 115 and neutral conductor of the portable GFCI device 115.If a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage exceedsan open neutral threshold, the electronic processing device determinesthat an open neutral condition is present. In response to determiningthat an open neutral condition is present, the electronic processingdevice interrupts current flow from the power source 105 to the boothstringer 110 by opening the circuit breaker included in the protectioncircuit.

Although the above described examples of the protection circuit aredescribed with respect to a temporary power delivery system thatincludes two phase conductors and a neutral conductor, it should beunderstood that the protection circuit may also be implemented in atemporary power delivery system including more or less than two phaseconductors. For example, the protection circuit may be included in atemporary power delivery system that includes one, three, or more phaseconductors.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method 300 of operating thetemporary power delivery system 100 according to some embodiments. Itshould be understood that the order of steps disclosed in operation 300could vary but remain within the scope of the embodiments disclosed. Atblock 305, the portable GFCI device receives electric current from thepower source 105 via the first terminal 140. At block 310, the portableGFCI device delivers current to the booth stringer 110 via the secondterminal 142. At block 315, an electronic processor of the GFCI device115 (e.g., IC device) compares a combined magnitude of current flowingthrough first and second phase conductors of the portable GFCI device115 to a magnitude of current flowing through a neutral conductor of theportable GFCI device 115. At block 320, the electronic processor of theGFCI device 115 compares a first voltage between the first phaseconductor and the neutral conductor to a second voltage between thesecond phase conductor and the neutral conductor.

At block 325, the portable GFCI device 115 determines whether adifference between the combined magnitude of current flowing through thefirst and second phase conductors and the magnitude of current flowingthrough the neutral conductor exceeds a first threshold (e.g., 6 mA). Ifthe difference exceeds the first threshold, the electronic processoropens a circuit breaker of the portable GFCI device to interrupt currentflow from the power source 105 to the booth stringer 110 (block 330). Atblock 335, the electronic processor determines whether a differencebetween the first voltage and the second voltage exceeds a secondthreshold. If the difference between the first voltage and the secondvoltage exceeds the second threshold, the electronic processor opens thecircuit breaker to interrupt current flow from the power source 105 tothe booth stringer 110 (block 330).

Thus, the disclosure provides, among other things, a system and methodfor protecting against ground faults and open neutral conditions in atemporary power system. Various features and advantages of theapplication are set forth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A temporary power delivery system comprising: apower source; a portable power cord including at least one outlet; and aground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) including: a first terminalconfigured to receive power from the power source; a second terminalconfigured to deliver power to the portable power cord; a first phaseconductor, a second phase conductor, and a neutral conductor; aprotection circuit including a circuit breaker that opens when adifference between a combined magnitude of current flowing through thefirst and second phase conductors and a magnitude of current flowingthrough the neutral conductor exceeds a first threshold.
 2. Thetemporary power delivery system of claim 1, wherein the circuit breakeropens when a first voltage between the first phase conductor and theneutral conductor differs from a second voltage between the second phaseconductor and the neutral conductor by more than a second threshold. 3.The temporary power delivery system of claim 1, wherein the portablepower cord is a booth stringer.
 4. The temporary power delivery systemof claim 3, wherein the GFCI device and the booth stringer areintegrally formed as a single component of the temporary power deliverysystem.
 5. The temporary power delivery power system of claim 1, whereinthe GFCI device is removably coupled to the power source and theportable power cord.
 6. The temporary power delivery system of claim 5,wherein the second terminal of the GFCI device includes a pigtailconnector.
 7. The temporary power delivery system of claim 5, whereinthe second terminal of the GFCI device includes a plug.
 8. A method ofoperating a temporary power delivery system comprising: receiving, by afirst terminal of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) device,current from a power source; delivering, by a second terminal of theGFCI device, current to a portable power cord; supplying, by an outletof the portable power cord, power to a load; and interrupting currentflow from the power source to the portable power cord, by a circuitbreaker of the GFCI device, when a first voltage between a first phaseconductor of the GFCI device and a neutral conductor of the GFCI devicediffers from a second voltage between a second phase conductor of theGFCI device and the neutral conductor by more than a first threshold. 9.The method of claim 8 further comprising illuminating a display of theGFCI device to indicate the occurrence of an open neutral condition whenthe difference between the first voltage and the second voltage exceedsthe first threshold.
 10. The method of claim 8 further comprisinginterrupting current flow from the power source to the portable powercord, by the circuit breaker, when a difference between a combinedmagnitude of current flowing through the first and second phaseconductors and a magnitude of current flowing through the neutralconductor exceeds a second threshold.
 11. The method of claim 10 furthercomprising illuminating a display of the GFCI device to indicate theoccurrence of a ground fault when the difference between the combinedmagnitude of current flowing through the first and second phaseconductors and the magnitude of current flowing through the neutralconductor exceeds the second threshold.
 12. The method of claim 8,wherein the portable power cord is a booth stringer.
 13. A power systemcomprising: a power source; a booth stringer; and a ground fault circuitinterrupter (GFCI) including: a first terminal configured to receivepower from the power source; a second terminal configured to deliverpower to the booth stringer; a first phase conductor, a second phaseconductor, and a neutral conductor; a circuit breaker; and a protectioncircuit configured to open the circuit breaker when at least one of: adifference between a combined magnitude of current flowing through thefirst and second phase conductors and a magnitude of current flowingthrough the neutral conductor exceeds a first threshold, and a firstvoltage between the first phase conductor and the neutral conductordiffers from a second voltage between the second phase conductor and theneutral conductor by more than a second threshold.
 14. The power systemof claim 13, wherein the GFCI device and the booth stringer areintegrally formed as a single component.
 15. The power system of claim13, wherein the GFCI device is removably coupled, by the secondterminal, to the booth stringer.
 16. The power system of claim 13,wherein the booth stringer is a 3-phase, 30 ampere booth stringer.